In a survival or emergency situation, severe bleeding can become life-threatening within minutes. Wound packing is a proven method to control bleeding, but what if you don’t have a medical kit? While nothing replaces proper training and sterile supplies, you can improvise with what’s available until professional help arrives.
Stay Safe and Assess the Situation
Make sure the area is safe from further danger such as wildlife, enemy fire, or unstable structures. Put on gloves if you have them—or use a plastic bag or clothing as a barrier to reduce infection risk.
Identify the Source of Bleeding
Quickly locate where the blood is coming from. If it’s spurting or bright red, it may be arterial bleeding—work quickly. If possible, have someone apply firm pressure while you prepare.
Find Cleanest Possible Material
If you have sterile gauze, use it. If not available, use a clean T-shirt, cotton fabric, or torn sheet. Avoid dirty or damp materials unless it’s the only option—life-threatening bleeding takes priority over infection risk.
Start Packing the Wound
Expose the wound fully. Use your fingers to gently but firmly push fabric deep into the wound cavity. Continue inserting more material until the cavity is completely filled and the bleeding slows or stops.
Apply Continuous Pressure
Once the wound is packed, use the remaining fabric to press down firmly on top. Hold steady pressure for at least 3 minutes before checking.
Secure the Packing
Use a strip of clothing, belt, or scarf to tie the packing in place. Ensure it’s tight enough to maintain pressure but not cutting off circulation to the rest of the limb, unless a tourniquet is required.
Keep the Patient Still and Seek Help
Movement can restart bleeding. Call for emergency assistance or evacuate to medical care as soon as possible. Do not remove the packing—medical personnel will handle that.
Emergency Reminder: Improvised wound packing is a last resort. Always get trained in bleeding control techniques such as Stop the Bleed and carry a proper first aid kit when possible.