Difficult Canine Jugular Venipuncture: Failed Draws, Complications, and Special Patients
A difficult dog blood draw is rarely solved by pushing the needle farther or trying more times. Poor jugular filling, unstable restraint, patient movement, excessive syringe suction, partial needle placement, and an unsuitable collection system can all produce the same frustrating result: no blood, interrupted flow, a damaged sample, or a growing hematoma. This guide…
